The first crack happens when beans reach a temperature of around 196°C (385°F) to 205°C (401°F). This is when the trapped water inside the beans turns into steam, causing the beans to expand and crack audibly—much like popcorn popping.
Characteristics of First Crack:
- Audible popping sound
- Beans increase in size
- Lighter brown color
- Acidity and fruitiness are pronounced
- Development of mild to medium roast profiles
Roasting Past First Crack: Light to Medium Roasts
Many specialty coffee roasters stop roasting shortly after the first crack, preserving the bright acidity and complex fruit notes of the beans. This is where you’ll find light and medium roasts, ideal for filter coffee and pour-over methods.
Harvester’s Single-Origin Drip Bags – Our selection of washed and natural process coffees allows you to experience the difference between roast levels in an easy, convenient format.
Second Crack: The Gateway to Dark Roasts
If roasting continues beyond the first crack, beans reach 224°C (435°F) and enter the second crack stage. This crack is softer, and instead of moisture, the cell structure of the bean is breaking down, releasing oils to the surface.
Characteristics of Second Crack:
- Softer cracking sound
- Dark brown to almost black color
- Oily sheen on the beans
- Bitterness increases, acidity decreases
- Development of smoky, chocolatey, and roasted flavors
Roasting Past Second Crack: Dark Roasts
Second crack is where classic dark roasts and espresso roasts are formed. The flavor shifts towards bold, rich, and smoky notes, with reduced acidity and heavier body.
Harvester’s Rush Capsules – Designed for those who love bold, full-bodied espresso, our American-African blend is roasted to highlight deep caramelized notes, perfect for second crack lovers.
Which Roast is Right for You?
Understanding first and second crack helps in choosing the right coffee for your preference. If you enjoy bright, fruity notes, go for light to medium roasts. If you prefer bold, chocolatey flavors, opt for dark roasts.
Roasting is an Art and Science
Mastering the first and second crack is key to crafting exceptional coffee. Whether you prefer the lively notes of a first crack or the deep richness of a second crack, your choice shapes the coffee experience.
Ready to taste the difference? Explore Harvester’s Single-Origin Drip Bags and Rush Capsules to discover how roast levels impact flavor. Let us know—do you prefer light or dark roasts?